Education Feature

Misusing Nicotine Patch

By Robert Seith
CWK Senior Producer
 

"It’s a way to get by without getting caught."
-Elliot Bernstein, 17-

The nicotine patch and nicotine gum can help people quit smoking. But some teens use them just to get by until they can light up again.

“When kids are in school and they don’t have access to smoking or smoking [is] prohibited, and they still get these nicotine cravings, I guess they’re hooked … they usually resort to just bringing the gum in or patch, and they can just get the nicotine they need,” 17-year-old Elliot Bernstein says.

“In school, like when they can’t smoke … just get that buzz,” says Bettina To, 17.

In fact, according to a study conducted by the University of Vermont, three quarters of teen smokers said they would use nicotine products for “reasons other than trying to quit smoking.”

“So I would really recommend that if parents are purchasing these products and trying to help their kids quit, they need to be diligent about whether or not they’re actually trying to quit,” says Letetia Daniels, a spokeswoman for Tobacco-Free Kids.

Parents also need to know that kids get nicotine gum or patches from their friends.

“So I think adults should take the responsibility of, No. 1, knowing what their kids are putting in their bodies, knowing how they got them, and then talking to them about the dangers of it and telling them what they’re getting themselves into,” Daniels says.

One danger of misusing these products is nicotine poisoning, which can cause nausea, dizziness, abnormal blood pressure and heartbeat. But needing to use patches or gum to get through a class or part of a school day is also a sign that a teen has a serious addiction.

“Then they’re headed to a life of destruction,” Daniels says.

Even Bettina, who smokes regularly, says she’d never use the patch or gum for a nicotine fix.

“I think it’s ridiculous that someone needs it that much,” she says.

 
Related Information

Results of a new survey published in the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine reveal that some teens, including nonsmokers, are abusing nicotine replacement products. Researchers surveyed 4,078 teens about their use of nicotine patches and nicotine gum during the 1998-1999 school year. They found that 5% of the youth reported using either the patch or the gum. While 40% of former smokers said they used the products to help them quit, approximately 18 said they had never smoked. Several teens reported using the nicotine replacement products while they smoked, leaving themselves vulnerable to nicotine poisoning. And others said they used the patch as a substitute for cigarettes during classes.

Why should experts and parents be concerned about teens’ use of nicotine replacement products? For starters, nicotine is a powerfully addictive drug. The National Institute on Drug Abuse reports that once your teen is addicted, it will be very difficult for him or her to quit. The cause of addiction is simple: Nicotine goes straight to the brain. The human brain has circuits that control feelings of pleasure. Dopamine – a brain chemical – contributes to the desire to consume drugs. Nicotine spikes an increase in dopamine.

Nicotine also acts directly on the heart to change heart rate and blood pressure. In high concentrations, it is deadly. In fact, one drop of purified nicotine on the tongue will kill a person. And it’s so lethal that it has been used as a pesticide for centuries.

 
What Parents Need to Know

The American Lung Association (ALA) says that a nicotine patch releases a constant amount of nicotine in the body, with the nicotine dissolving right through the skin. The patch is similar to an adhesive bandage and is available in different shapes and sizes. If your teen uses a nicotine patch, he or she is at risk for the following side effects:

  • Headaches
  • Dizziness
  • Upset stomach
  • Weakness
  • Blurred vision
  • Vivid dreams
  • Mild itching and burning on the skin
  • Diarrhea

Whether you suspect your teen is smoking or misusing nicotine replacement products, you can take several steps to prevent him or her from abusing the drug. The Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration offers the following tips for keeping your teen nicotine and tobacco free:

  • Talk with your teen. It’s important to establish and maintain good communication with your teen. Get into the habit of talking with him or her every day. Building a close relationship during early childhood will make it easier for your teen to come to you when he or she has a problem and will help you become more sensitive to his or her mood changes. With a closer relationship to you, your teen will be less likely to develop mental health problems and to experiment with alcohol, tobacco or illegal drugs.
  • Get involved. It really can make a difference when you get involved in your teen’s life. Young people are much less likely to have mental health and substance use problems when they have positive activities to do and when caring adults are involved in their lives. Your involvement and encouragement tell your teen that his or her activities are worthwhile and may help him or her identify and pursue positive goals. Additionally, you will be better able to see changes in your teen that may indicate a problem.
  • Set rules. Make clear, sensible rules for your teen and enforce them with consistency and appropriate consequences. When you do this, you help your teen develop daily habits of self-discipline. Following these rules can help protect your teen’s physical safety and mental well-being, which can lower his or her risk for substance abuse problems.
  • Be a role model. Set a good example for your teen. Think about what you say and how you act in front of him or her. Your teen learns social skills and how to deal with stress by listening to and watching you. Do not take part in illegal, unhealthy or dangerous practices related to alcohol, tobacco or illegal drugs or your teen may believe that, no matter what you say, these practices are OK.
  • Teach your teen to choose friends wisely. Support your teen’s social development. Teach him or her how to form positive relationships. Research shows that the pressure to use tobacco, alcohol and illegal drugs comes most often from wanting to be accepted, wanting to belong and wanting to be noticed. Help your teen learn what qualities to look for in a friend, and advise him or her about what to say if offered harmful substances.
  • Monitor your teen’s activities. Do you know what your teen listens to and reads and how he or she spends time with his or her friends? Talking with your teen about his or her interests opens up an opportunity for you to share your values. And research says that monitoring your teen’s activities is an important way to lower his or her chances of getting involved in situations of which you don’t approve, especially those that can be harmful. Unsupervised children simply have more opportunities to experiment with risky behaviors, including the use of alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs, and they may start substance abuse at earlier ages.
 
Resources

American Lung Association
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
National Institute on Drug Abuse
Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration